Plants, like any living organism, require specific essential nutrients for their growth and development. These nutrients are crucial for maintaining their overall health and well-being. Understanding the essential elements for plants and their importance in plant nutrition is essential for optimizing plant growth and maximizing crop productivity.
Key Takeaways
- Plants need essential nutrients for their growth and development.
- Essential nutrients play a vital role in various plant functions.
- There are primary nutrients, secondary nutrients, and micronutrients that plants require.
- Proper nutrient management is necessary to ensure plant health and productivity.
- Soil testing helps assess nutrient deficiencies and imbalances.
The Importance of Plant Essential Nutrients
Essential nutrients play a crucial role in the growth and development of plants. Without these nutrients, plants cannot complete their life cycles or maintain healthy growth. Understanding the importance of these nutrients is essential for optimizing plant health and productivity.
These essential nutrients are involved in various vital plant functions, including:
- Photosynthesis: Essential nutrients, such as carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, are essential for the process of photosynthesis, which is crucial for the production of energy and the synthesizing of sugars that plants need to grow.
- Protein Synthesis: Essential macro and micronutrients are necessary for protein synthesis, which is essential for plant growth and development. Nitrogen, for example, is a key component of amino acids, the building blocks of proteins.
- Enzyme Activity: Essential nutrients, such as phosphorus and potassium, play a vital role in enzyme activity, which is necessary for various metabolic processes in plants.
Macro and micronutrients both contribute to the overall health and development of plants. Macronutrients, including nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, are required by plants in relatively large quantities, while micronutrients, including boron, iron, and zinc, are needed in smaller amounts.
“The role of essential nutrients in plant growth cannot be understated. These nutrients are the building blocks of plant life, enabling plants to carry out essential processes. Without them, plants are unable to reach their full potential and may suffer from stunted growth, yellowing leaves, and reduced yields.”
| Macronutrients | Functions |
|---|---|
| Nitrogen | Aids in the production of amino acids, proteins, and chlorophyll |
| Phosphorus | Assists in energy transfer, root development, and flowering |
| Potassium | Regulates water balance, enzyme activity, and overall plant health |
Primary Nutrients for Plant Growth
Plants require specific nutrients to support their growth and development. These essential nutrients can be categorized into primary nutrients, which are also known as macronutrients. The primary nutrients required by plants in large quantities include carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and potassium.
Carbon: Carbon is a fundamental primary nutrient that plants obtain from the air and through the process of photosynthesis. It serves as a building block for carbohydrates, proteins, and other essential organic compounds within the plant.
Hydrogen: Hydrogen, obtained from water molecules, is essential for the production of energy through cellular respiration. It also plays a role in maintaining the plant’s structure and regulating various metabolic processes.
Nitrogen: Nitrogen is a crucial nutrient for plant growth, as it is a crucial component of amino acids, proteins, nucleic acids, and chlorophyll. It supports vigorous vegetative growth, promotes leaf and stem development, and enhances overall plant productivity.
Oxygen: Oxygen is required for respiration and energy production in plants. It is also involved in the breakdown of organic matter and plays a role in nutrient absorption by roots.
Phosphorus: Phosphorus is essential for the synthesis of DNA, RNA, and ATP, which are vital for energy transfer within the plant. It also supports root development, flowering, and fruiting.
Potassium: Potassium plays a crucial role in the regulation of water uptake and transpiration, enzyme activation, and overall plant metabolism. It contributes to improved disease resistance, root development, and fruit quality.
Primary nutrients, including carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and potassium, are essential for various plant processes, such as cell formation, metabolism, and regulation of water and nutrient uptake.
Ensuring an adequate supply of these primary nutrients is vital for optimizing plant growth and development. The balanced availability of these nutrients promotes healthy plant tissue formation, improves nutrient absorption, and enhances the overall health and productivity of plants.
By understanding the significance of primary nutrients and their role in plant function, you can effectively provide plants with the essential elements they need to thrive.
Secondary Nutrients for Plant Growth
Secondary nutrients are essential for plant growth and development, although they are required in smaller quantities compared to primary nutrients. These nutrients, namely calcium, magnesium, and sulfur, play crucial roles in various aspects of plant physiology.
Calcium: Supporting Root Development
Calcium is a secondary nutrient that contributes to the strengthening of cell walls in plants. It plays a vital role in root development, ensuring healthy growth and optimal nutrient uptake. Adequate calcium levels promote root elongation, enhance water and nutrient absorption, and improve overall plant resilience against environmental stresses.
Magnesium: Enabling Enzyme Activity
Magnesium is another essential secondary nutrient that is involved in various enzymatic processes within plants. It is a key component of chlorophyll, the pigment responsible for photosynthesis. Additionally, magnesium activates several enzymes that are crucial for carbohydrate and protein synthesis.
Sulfur: Essential for Protein Synthesis
Sulfur is an essential nutrient for plants as it plays a critical role in protein synthesis. It is a constituent of amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins. Sulfur aids in the formation of proteins that are essential for plant growth, development, and overall health. It also contributes to the synthesis of vitamins and enzymes.
To appreciate the significance of these secondary nutrients, consider the following table:
| Nutrient | Role | Benefits |
|---|---|---|
| Calcium | Supports root development | Promotes nutrient uptake and overall plant resilience |
| Magnesium | Enables enzyme activity | Facilitates photosynthesis, carbohydrate, and protein synthesis |
| Sulfur | Essential for protein synthesis | Contributes to overall plant growth, development, and health |
Incorporating secondary nutrients into your plant nutrition regimen is essential to ensure healthy and robust growth. While primary nutrients are crucial, secondary nutrients provide the additional support needed for optimal plant development. By understanding and addressing the importance of calcium, magnesium, and sulfur, you can promote the growth, productivity, and overall well-being of your plants.
Micronutrients for Plant Growth
Micronutrients are essential for the growth and development of plants, despite being required in small quantities. These micronutrients include boron, chlorine, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, and zinc. Each nutrient plays a crucial role in various plant metabolic processes and contributes to overall plant health.
Boron (B) is necessary for cell division and the formation of plant cell walls. It also aids in the transport of sugars and the metabolism of carbohydrates.
Chlorine (Cl) is involved in photosynthesis, regulating the opening and closing of stomata, and maintaining proper osmotic balance within plant cells.
Copper (Cu) is essential for enzyme function and plays a role in various metabolic processes, including the synthesis of lignin, which strengthens plant cell walls.
Iron (Fe) is a crucial component of many enzymes involved in photosynthesis and respiration. It is necessary for the production of chlorophyll and the transportation of electrons within plants.
Manganese (Mn) is necessary for the production of oxygen during photosynthesis. It also plays a role in enzyme activation and the metabolism of nitrogen and carbohydrates.
Molybdenum (Mo) is required for nitrogen metabolism in plants. It aids in the enzymatic conversion of nitrate to ammonia, facilitating nitrogen assimilation and protein synthesis.
Zinc (Zn) is involved in various plant processes, such as the synthesis of auxin, a plant hormone responsible for growth regulation. It also plays a role in enzyme function and the metabolism of carbohydrates and proteins.
“Micronutrients, though required in small amounts, are indispensable for plant growth. They play vital roles in enzyme activity, pigmentation, and numerous metabolic processes that are essential for plant development.”
Micronutrients and Their Functions
| Micronutrient | Function |
|---|---|
| Boron (B) | Cell division, cell wall formation, sugar transport |
| Chlorine (Cl) | Photosynthesis, stomata regulation, osmotic balance |
| Copper (Cu) | Enzyme function, lignin synthesis, metabolic processes |
| Iron (Fe) | Enzyme activation, chlorophyll production, electron transport |
| Manganese (Mn) | Oxygen production, enzyme activation, nitrogen metabolism |
| Molybdenum (Mo) | Nitrogen metabolism, protein synthesis |
| Zinc (Zn) | Auxin synthesis, enzyme function, carbohydrate and protein metabolism |
The table above summarizes the micronutrients and their respective functions in plant growth and development. Understanding the role of these micronutrients enables better nutrient management practices to ensure optimal plant health and productivity.
Additional Essential Nutrients for Some Plants
In addition to the commonly recognized essential nutrients, some plants require small amounts of cobalt, nickel, silicon, sodium, and vanadium for their growth. These nutrients play specific roles in certain plant species and are essential for their overall health.
Cobalt is a trace element that aids in the nitrogen fixation process in leguminous plants, such as soybeans and peas. It helps convert atmospheric nitrogen into a usable form for plants, promoting healthy growth and development.
Nickel is essential for certain enzymes involved in nitrogen metabolism. It plays a crucial role in urease activity, which converts urea into ammonia, making it available for plants to use as a nitrogen source.
Silicon is beneficial for plant structure and strength, enhancing their resistance to abiotic stress factors such as drought and disease. It also promotes better nutrient uptake and improves overall plant health.
Sodium is required by some halophytic plants that grow in saline environments. It helps maintain proper osmotic balance and enables these plants to withstand high levels of salt in their surroundings.
Vanadium is a micronutrient that aids in various enzymatic reactions within plants. It is involved in processes such as photosynthesis and hormone regulation, contributing to plant growth and development.
| Nutrient | Plant Requirement | Role in Plants |
|---|---|---|
| Cobalt | Trace amounts | Nitrogen fixation in leguminous plants |
| Nickel | Trace amounts | Enzymatic reactions in nitrogen metabolism |
| Silicon | Small amounts | Enhances plant structure, promotes stress tolerance |
| Sodium | Variable (halophytic plants) | Maintains osmotic balance in saline environments |
| Vanadium | Trace amounts | Enzymatic reactions, photosynthesis, hormone regulation |
Nutrient Uptake by Plants
Plants rely on their roots to absorb essential nutrients necessary for their growth and development. The process of nutrient uptake is vital to ensure plants acquire the necessary elements for their well-being.
The roots of plants have specialized structures, such as root hairs, that increase their surface area and enhance nutrient absorption. These root hairs come into direct contact with the soil, allowing for the exchange of ions between the plant and the surrounding environment.
One of the mechanisms involved in nutrient absorption is the active transport of ions. This process requires energy and enables plants to absorb specific nutrients against concentration gradients, ensuring optimal nutrient uptake even when nutrient concentrations in the soil are low.
In addition to active transport, plants also employ passive transport mechanisms to absorb nutrients. Passive transport occurs when nutrients move across cell membranes along concentration gradients, driven by the difference in solute concentrations on either side of the membrane.
The availability of nutrients in the soil is influenced not only by their concentration but also by biological factors. Microorganisms and fungi play a crucial role in nutrient cycling and availability for plants. These organisms aid in breaking down organic matter, releasing nutrients that can be absorbed by plant roots.
Furthermore, the soil’s physical and chemical properties, such as pH and texture, can affect nutrient uptake. Some nutrients may become less available to plants under certain soil conditions, while others may be more readily absorbed.
Understanding the mechanisms of nutrient uptake by plants allows for optimizing plant nutrition and promoting healthy growth. By ensuring a favorable soil environment and providing plants with the necessary nutrients, we can support their nutrient uptake processes and enhance overall plant health and productivity.
Plant nutrient uptake occurs primarily through the roots, utilizing active and passive transport mechanisms. The exchange of ions, along with the influence of microorganisms and soil conditions, plays a critical role in nutrient absorption by plants.
Symptoms of Nutrient Deficiencies in Plants
Nutrient deficiencies in plants can lead to various symptoms and health problems. By understanding these signs, you can diagnose and address nutrient deficiencies, ensuring the overall well-being of your plants.
Stunted Growth
One of the common symptoms of nutrient deficiencies in plants is stunted growth. When plants lack essential nutrients, their growth rate slows down, resulting in smaller leaves, shorter stems, and underdeveloped roots.
Yellowing of Leaves
Yellowing of leaves, also known as chlorosis, is another telltale sign of nutrient deficiencies. Different nutrient deficiencies cause specific leaf discoloration patterns. For example, nitrogen deficiency leads to overall yellowing, while iron deficiency causes the leaves to turn yellow between their veins.
Dead Tissue
In severe cases of nutrient deficiencies, plants may exhibit dead tissue, particularly at the tips and edges of leaves. This occurs when the plant’s cells do not receive enough nutrients to sustain their function, resulting in tissue necrosis.
Overall Plant Decline
When plants lack essential nutrients, their overall health and vitality decline. They become more susceptible to diseases, pests, and environmental stressors, such as drought or extreme temperatures. Without proper nutrition, plants struggle to complete their various physiological processes, leading to a general decline in their overall condition.
By recognizing these symptoms of nutrient deficiencies in plants, you can take appropriate measures to address the issue. It is crucial to identify the specific nutrient deficiency through diagnostic measures like soil testing or observing nutrient-specific symptoms. Once identified, appropriate corrective measures, such as adjusting the soil pH or applying targeted fertilizers, can be taken to restore plant health and development.
| Nutrient Deficiency | Symptoms |
|---|---|
| Nitrogen | Pale yellow or light green leaves; stunted growth |
| Phosphorus | Purple or reddish discoloration of leaves; delayed flowering |
| Potassium | Leaf burn or scorching; weak stems |
| Iron | Interveinal yellowing of leaves; leaf malformation |
| Calcium | Stunted roots; blossom end rot in fruits |
It is important to note that nutrient deficiencies can have similar symptoms, making accurate diagnosis challenging. Consulting with agricultural experts or using advanced diagnostic tools can help ensure accurate identification and effective treatment of nutrient deficiencies in plants.
Soil Testing for Nutrient Assessments
Soil testing plays a critical role in assessing the nutrient status of your soil and identifying any nutrient deficiencies or imbalances. By conducting thorough soil testing, you can gain valuable insights into the nutrient content and fertility of your soil, which is essential for promoting optimal plant growth and crop productivity.
Soil testing involves analyzing the various nutrients present in your soil, including macronutrients and micronutrients. This analysis helps you determine the nutrient levels and pH balance of your soil, allowing you to make informed decisions regarding fertilizer application and soil amendment strategies.
One of the key benefits of soil testing is the ability to identify nutrient imbalances. Nutrient imbalances can lead to poor plant growth, decreased yields, and increased susceptibility to disease and pests. By identifying these imbalances through soil testing, you can take corrective measures to restore the appropriate nutrient levels, ensuring that your plants have access to the essential elements they need for optimal growth.
In addition to providing insights into nutrient levels, soil testing also helps evaluate the overall health and fertility of your soil. By assessing the organic matter content, pH levels, and other factors, soil testing provides a comprehensive understanding of the soil’s capacity to support plant growth. This information allows you to make informed decisions regarding soil management practices, including amendments and fertilization strategies.
Soil testing is typically conducted by collecting soil samples from various areas of your garden or field. These samples are then sent to a laboratory for analysis. Once the results are available, they can be interpreted to develop a customized nutrient management plan tailored to the needs of your specific plants and crops.
Soil testing is an invaluable tool for farmers, gardeners, and landscapers alike. It provides essential information about the nutrient status and fertility of your soil, enabling you to make data-driven decisions and optimize plant growth. Don’t overlook the importance of soil testing in achieving healthy and thriving plants.
To illustrate the significance of soil testing, consider the following table showcasing nutrient analysis results from different soil samples:
| Soil Sample | Nitrogen (N) | Phosphorus (P) | Potassium (K) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sample 1 | 20 ppm | 10 ppm | 30 ppm |
| Sample 2 | 10 ppm | 15 ppm | 25 ppm |
| Sample 3 | 15 ppm | 5 ppm | 20 ppm |
Based on the results shown in the table, it is evident that each soil sample contains different nutrient levels. This information allows you to tailor your fertilizer application to address any deficiencies or imbalances, ensuring the optimal nutrient supply for your plants.
Essential Nutrients and Plant Growth Functions
Each essential nutrient plays a specific role in various plant growth functions. Understanding the functions of these nutrients is crucial for optimizing plant growth and development. Let’s explore the important roles that some key nutrients play in plant physiology:
1. Carbon and Oxygen
Carbon and oxygen are essential for the process of photosynthesis, where plants convert sunlight into energy and produce oxygen as a byproduct. Through photosynthesis, plants synthesize carbohydrates, which serve as a source of energy for various metabolic activities. This process is crucial for plant growth and development.
2. Nitrogen
Nitrogen is a vital component of amino acids, proteins, and chlorophyll. It plays a key role in protein synthesis and is necessary for the growth of leaves, stems, and roots. Nitrogen also influences the overall plant metabolism and promotes healthy vegetative growth.
3. Phosphorus
Phosphorus is involved in energy transfer processes within plants. It plays a vital role in nucleic acid synthesis, cell division, and root development. Phosphorus is critical for flower and fruit formation as well as overall plant growth and productivity.
4. Potassium
Potassium regulates various physiological processes in plants, such as water and nutrient uptake, enzyme activation, and osmoregulation. It enhances the overall plant health and resilience, contributing to improved disease resistance and tolerance to environmental stressors.
5. Calcium
Calcium is essential for cell wall formation and stability in plants. It promotes root growth, enhances nutrient uptake, and helps regulate various enzymatic activities. Calcium also plays a crucial role in signal transduction, enabling plants to respond effectively to external stimuli.
6. Magnesium
Magnesium is a vital component of chlorophyll, the pigment responsible for capturing light energy during photosynthesis. It is involved in numerous enzymatic reactions and plays a role in carbohydrate metabolism and protein synthesis. Magnesium is necessary for maintaining healthy leaves and promoting overall plant vigor.
7. Iron
Iron is essential for chlorophyll synthesis and is involved in electron transport chain reactions during photosynthesis. It is a cofactor for various enzymes and plays a crucial role in respiration and other metabolic processes. Iron deficiency can lead to chlorosis and hinder plant growth.
8. Zinc
Zinc is an essential micronutrient required for enzyme activation and protein synthesis. It plays a role in auxin synthesis, which regulates plant growth and development. Zinc also enhances root development, seed germination, and overall plant vigor.
9. Copper
Copper is essential for enzyme activity and plays a role in photosynthesis and respiration. It is involved in lignin synthesis and contributes to plant cell wall strength. Copper also acts as a cofactor for various enzymes and influences plant growth and development.
10. Manganese
Manganese is necessary for chloroplast development and photosynthesis. It plays a role in enzyme activation, helping plants metabolize carbohydrates and lipids. Manganese is also involved in protecting plants against oxidative stress and promoting overall plant growth.
These are just a few examples of the roles that essential nutrients play in plant growth and development. By understanding these functions and ensuring the correct nutrient balance, you can optimize plant nutrition and promote healthy, thriving plants.
Best Practices for Nutrient Management
To ensure the optimal growth and development of plants, it is important to practice proper nutrient management. By providing plants with the necessary essential nutrients in the right amounts and avoiding over or under-fertilization, you can promote plant health and productivity.
Here are some best practices to consider for effective nutrient management:
- Soil Testing: Conduct regular soil testing to assess the nutrient content and pH levels of your soil. This will help you determine any deficiencies or imbalances, allowing you to make informed decisions regarding fertilizer application.
- Targeted Fertilizer Application: Apply fertilizers strategically, focusing on the specific nutrient requirements of your plants. Consider using slow-release fertilizers that provide a steady supply of nutrients over time.
- Proper Timing: Apply fertilizers at the right time during the plant’s growth cycle. This ensures that the nutrients are available when the plants need them the most.
- Calibrated Application: Calibrate your fertilizer spreader to ensure accurate application rates. This helps avoid over or under-application, preventing wastage and nutrient imbalances.
- Consider Nutrient Interactions: Understand the interactions between different nutrients and their impact on plant uptake. Some nutrients may compete with each other for absorption, so it’s important to provide a balanced nutrient solution.
- Monitor Plant Response: Regularly monitor your plants for signs of nutrient deficiencies or excesses. This allows you to make adjustments in your nutrient management practices as needed.
- Sustainable Practices: Adopt sustainable practices such as crop rotation, cover cropping, and organic fertilizers. These practices can improve soil health and nutrient availability over the long term.
By implementing these best practices for nutrient management, you can ensure that your plants receive the optimal balance of essential nutrients for healthy growth and development.
| Nutrient Management Best Practices | Benefits |
|---|---|
| Soil testing | Determines nutrient deficiencies and imbalances |
| Targeted fertilizer application | Delivers specific nutrients based on plant requirements |
| Proper timing | Ensures nutrients are available when plants need them |
| Calibrated application | Prevents over or under-application of fertilizers |
| Nutrient interactions | Considers the balance between different nutrients |
| Monitoring plant response | Allows adjustments based on nutrient deficiencies/excesses |
| Sustainable practices | Promotes long-term soil health and nutrient availability |
Implementing these best practices will help you optimize nutrient management, leading to healthier and more productive plants.
Conclusion
In conclusion, essential nutrients are crucial for the growth and development of plants. By understanding the different types of essential nutrients, such as carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, and micronutrients like boron, iron, and zinc, you can provide plants with the necessary elements for their overall well-being. These nutrients play vital roles in various plant functions, including photosynthesis, protein synthesis, enzyme activity, and metabolic processes.
Proper nutrient management is essential for fostering healthy plant growth and optimizing crop productivity. By practicing optimal nutrient application and avoiding over or under-fertilization, you can ensure that plants receive the right amount of essential nutrients. Soil testing is a valuable tool for assessing nutrient deficiencies or imbalances and providing recommendations for fertilizer application.
By providing plants with the essential nutrients they need, you can promote their health, prevent nutrient deficiencies, and enhance their overall success. Understanding the importance of essential plant nutrients and implementing best practices for nutrient management can lead to thriving plants and maximized agricultural yields.
FAQ
What are the essential nutrients for plant growth?
The essential nutrients for plant growth include primary nutrients such as carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and potassium, as well as secondary nutrients like calcium, magnesium, and sulfur. Micronutrients such as boron, chlorine, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, and zinc are also essential for plant health.
What is the importance of plant essential nutrients?
Plant essential nutrients play a vital role in various plant functions, including photosynthesis, protein synthesis, enzyme activity, and regulation of water and nutrient uptake. They are crucial for plant growth and development.
What are primary nutrients for plant growth?
Primary nutrients, also known as macronutrients, are required by plants in large quantities. They include carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and potassium. These nutrients are essential for various plant processes, such as cell formation, metabolism, and regulation of water and nutrient uptake.
What are secondary nutrients for plant growth?
Secondary nutrients, like calcium, magnesium, and sulfur, are necessary for plant growth, albeit in smaller quantities than primary nutrients. They play important roles in root development, enzyme activity, and protein synthesis.
What are micronutrients for plant growth?
Micronutrients are required by plants in minute amounts but are still essential for their growth and development. They include boron, chlorine, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, and zinc. Micronutrients contribute to enzyme activity, pigmentation, and various metabolic processes in plants.
Are there any additional essential nutrients required for some plants?
Some plants may require small amounts of cobalt, nickel, silicon, sodium, and vanadium for their growth. These nutrients play specific roles in certain plant species and are essential for their overall health.
How do plants take up essential nutrients?
Plants primarily absorb essential nutrients through their roots. The uptake mechanisms involve the exchange of ions and the role of microorganisms and fungi in nutrient availability.
What are the symptoms of nutrient deficiencies in plants?
Nutrient deficiencies in plants can manifest in various ways, including stunted growth, yellowing of leaves, dead tissue, and overall plant decline. Recognizing these symptoms can help identify nutrient deficiencies and address them to maintain plant health.
How can soil testing help with nutrient assessments?
Soil testing is an essential tool for assessing the nutrient status of the soil and identifying any nutrient deficiencies or imbalances. It provides valuable insights into the soil’s nutrient content, pH levels, and recommendations for fertilizer application.
What functions do essential nutrients serve in plant growth?
Each essential nutrient plays a specific role in various plant growth functions. For example, carbon and oxygen are involved in photosynthesis, nitrogen is crucial for protein synthesis, and other nutrients contribute to enzyme activity, pigmentation, and metabolic processes.
What are the best practices for nutrient management?
To ensure optimal growth and development of plants, it is important to practice proper nutrient management. This involves providing plants with the necessary essential nutrients in the right amounts and avoiding over or under-fertilization. Following best practices for nutrient management can promote plant health and productivity.
Why are essential plant nutrients important for plant growth?
Essential nutrients are vital for plant growth and development. Understanding the different types of essential nutrients, their functions, and proper nutrient management can help foster healthy plant growth and optimize crop productivity. By providing plants with the necessary nutrients, you can ensure their overall well-being and success.
Source Links
- https://agrilifeextension.tamu.edu/library/gardening/essential-nutrients-for-plants/
- https://www.aces.edu/blog/topics/farming/essential-plant-elements/
- https://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/agriculture/soils/soil-testing-and-analysis/plant-nutrients
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